International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research

A Pharmaceutical Study of Rodhradi Lepa

Amonker Rashmina Santosh — 2023-09-13

Rodhradi Lepa is a Tarunya Pitikahara Lepa from Gadanigraha Text. It contains Rodhra, Dhatri and Vacha as ingredients. Rodhradi Lepa is a medication applied externally on face (Mukhalepa) for treating Tarunya Pitika (acne). Rodhradi Lepa is in Churna form (powder) which should be mixed with water and applied on face. Preparation of the Churna and Lepa are explained in the Sharangdhara Samhita. In the present study, Churnas of Rodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.), Dhatri (Phyllanthus emblica Linn) and Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) were prepared and homogenously mixed to prepare Rodhradi Lepa. Step by step pharmaceutical procedures were carried out according to classical reference and SOP. Loss during the process, total yield is noted. Pharmacological action of the Rodhradi Lepa is discussed In brief.

A Pilot Clinical Study on the Efficacy of Bilvamuladi Kwatha Aschyotana in the Management of Kaphaj Abhishyanda w.s.r. to Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Katwate Dipali Dipak — 2023-09-13

Bacterial conjunctivitis is one of the most common ocular diseases that occurs worldwide and affects every age group and social strata. The disease Kaphaj Abhishyanda, which is due to vitiation of Kapha Pradhana Tridosha is comparable with this condition. In the management of bacterial conjunctivitis as per modern ophthalmology antibiotic and antihistaminic eye drops are prescribed. Because of recurrent use of antibiotics, chances of antibiotic resistance are increasing. The present study was planned to evaluate the management of same disease with Ayurvedic formulation. Ayurveda can provide better alternative treatment in such manifestation. Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in Ashtanga Sangraha on Kaphaj Abhishyanda was selected and the Bilwamuladi Kwatha was prepared for Aschyotana as mode of administration. 3 patients diagnosed with Kaphaj Abhishyanda were selected and given Bilwamuladi Kwatha Aschyotana 1 drop twice a day for 7 days. The assessment of symptoms was done before, during the treatment and after treatment. The Bilvamuladi Kwatha has Ushna Veerya and Kaphaghna properties, which helps in treating vitiated Kapha Dosha as well as Madhu and Shigru are known to be Chakshushya. Bilvamuladi Kwatha was found effective with significantly reducing symptoms of Kaphaj Abhishyanda and shows marked difference in bacterial culture and sensitivity testing of conjunctival smear, which is studied as objective parameter.

Experimental Study on Panchanan Rasa w.s.r. to its Acute Oral Toxicity

Satyam Bhargava — 2023-09-13

Ras sashtra is a specialized branch of Indian traditional system and medicine which deals with metals, minerals, herbal compounds, and various principles of alchemy and metallurgy etc. Panchanan Rasa chief reference is in Ras Ratna Sammuchya Hridya Roga Chikitsa for Hridya Roga. It is a herbo-mineral preparation made with the help of Kharal so called Kharaliya preparation and is used in powder form to be given to patient. In present era Hridya Roga is becoming a common problem, every one person in ten people is suffering from CAD/IHD with varied etiology and is going under long term medication, costly surgeries which every patient is not able to afford, so this article discuss about the acute oral toxicity of Panchanan Rasa and found it non-toxic on Albino rats.

Multidimenstional View of Hypothyroidism Through Ayurveda w.s.r to Anukta Vyadhi

Yash Patel — 2023-09-13

Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by a lack of thyroid hormone (T₃and T₄), which can be caused by a variety of factors. The prevalence of this condition is on the rise globally due to increased levels of stress and strain. The symptoms of hypothyroidism are studied in terms of imbalance of Dosha, Dushya, Srotasa, etc and an effort is made to obtain standard possible Samprapti and Samprapti Ghataka of the same disease. All Srotas are involved in the analysis of the signs and symptoms associated with hypothyroidism from the Ayurvedic perspective. The Vata Dosha and Kapha Dosha Vriddhi are elicited and Pitta Dosha Kshaya is seen. Here an attempt is made to understand hypothyroidism as a Vyadhishankarya from Ayurvedic point of view. Aims and Objectives: 1. To study the Samprapti of hypothyroidism through Ayurveda. 2. To study the Samprapti Ghataka of hypothyroidism through Ayurveda. Material and Method: Hypothyroidism has been studied using modern pathology textbooks from different authors, as well as looking up online medical research from places like PubMed, Google Scholar, and other national databases. The study of various Ayurvedic Samhita were made critically and an effort is made to understand the complete Samprapti and Samprapti Ghataka of hypothyroidism in terms of Dosha, Dushya, Agni, and Srotas etc. The modern lifestyle and sedentary lifestyle lead to aggravation of Vata Dosha, and Kapha Dosha cause the Jathragnimandhya with the formation of Ama, Rasadhatavagni depends on Jatharagni, so Dhatvagnimandhya occur and causes improper formation of Sapta Dhatu starting from Rasa to Shukra and improper Dhatu Vriddhi (especially Meda Dhatu). In Dhatvagnimandhya especially Rasa Dhatvagnimandhya leads to Sama rasa Vriddhi and over production of Mala of Rasa Dhatu i.e., Mala rupa Kapha Dosha Vriddhi. Majority of the Nanatmaja Roga of Kapha Dosha can be included as signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.

A Comparative Clinical Study on Matra Basti with Bilva Taila and Mahanarayana Taila in Gridhrasi w.s.r.to Sciatica

Greeshma.K — 2023-09-13

Panchakarma is a unique therapeutic procedure explained in Ayurveda because of its preventive, promotive and rejuvenative properties as well as providing a radical cure. Charaka and Vaghbata have described Basti as Ardha Chikitsa which itself is self-explanatory about its importance. The cardinal signs and symptoms of Gridhrasi are Sthambha, Ruk, Toda and Spandana starting first in Sphik and radiating to Kati, Prishta, Uru, Janu, Jangha, and Pada. Sciatica, in which neuralgia along the course of sciatic nerve often produces pain, numbness, tingling sensation, radiating from the lower back and upper buttock down the back of the thigh, calf and to the foot. Many of the clinical features of Gridhrasi resemble to that of sciatica. It is statistically estimated that four out of five (80%) of the population is exposed to the back pain lasting for more than a day at sometimes during their life. This reaches peak in 25-50 years of age. Gridhrasi seems to occur with about same time frequency in patient with sedentary occupation as those doing heavy work. Mahanarayana Tailam is considered as one of the best oil to mitigate Vata. Due to Snigdha and Ushna Guna it acts on Vata and Kapha Dosha. In Bilva taila, Bilva having Katu tiktha, Kashaya rasa and Tikshna ushna guna can mitigate Vata kapha vikaras and Bilva is told in Asthapana gana dravya by Acharya charaka and hence can be used in Gridhrasi. So this study is planned to know the comparative efficacy of Bilvataila and Mahanarayana taila matra basti in the management of Gridhrasi. Basti is considered among one of the important treatment procedures in Gridhrasi. Matrabasti being a variety of Sneha Basti, plays a major role in the management of Gridhrasi.

An Overview on Vegetable Origin Drugs Used in Ayurveda, Included in the Schedule (E1) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945

Resmi R — 2023-09-13

The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 are the rules which Government of India framed under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act,1940. The objective of the act is to regulate the quality, safety and efficacy of the drugs and cosmetics sold in India. Schedule (E1) of the rules enlist the poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic (including Siddha) and Unani Systems of Medicine. The present work is an overview on the vegetable origin poisonous drugs used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Methods: A thorough evaluation of literature was done, including the relevant portions of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, authoritative text books of Ayurveda, published research papers in reputed journals. Results: Schedule (E1) is related to Rule 161(2) of The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945; which instructs that if an ASU medicine contain any one of the Schedule (E1) drug as an ingredient, its label must contain a caution note, warning the user that it should be taken only under medical supervision. 14 vegetable origin drugs are categorized under the list of poisonous substances in Ayurvedic system. All these drugs have promising therapeutic utility which was also proved by various researches. Even though included in Visha-Upavisha varga (group of poisonous substances), these drugs are not toxic as Ayurveda advocates the unique processing method of Shodhana (purification) before using them therapeutically. Effect of Shodhana (purification) was also proved by various researches. Conclusion: Ayurvedic medicine, containing Schedule (E1) drug as an ingredient should be sold and used only under valid prescription of a registered physician. They are to be manufactured only after proper Shodhana (purification) of the poisonous ingredient. Caution label should be there on the medicine bottle. Physicians must ensure judicious usage of these medicines by giving proper patient education regarding the dosage and duration of administration.

Management of Orofacial Herpes (Visarpa) Through Ayurvedic Approach

Baghel Prashant — 2023-09-13

Herpes Simplex infection of mouth and face is known as ‘Oro Facial Herpes Simplex (cold sores). The incident rate of herpes viral infection is found to be around 7-14% in adolescents in India. It is caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSVL). Oro facial herpes simplex causes inflamed and localized blisters that pop, weep and form crusts. At initial stage it shows symptoms like redness, swelling, heat and itching along with pain. Over a period of time the blisters leak out and become sores. According to Ayurveda literature, this disease can be co-related with ‘Pittaja Visarpa.’ Here presenting a case report of 52-year-old male with sudden onset of painful blisters, redness and burning pain on the jaw region. The patient was managed with Sutshekhar rasa, Avipattikar churna as oral medication and Jatyadi oil (Sheath Veda) and Khas Anantmool Ayurvedic cream (Sheath Veda) for local application over the jaw region. The patient showed improvement within two weeks and got significant relief over a month.

Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Rasnasaptak Kwath and Vaitarana Vasti in the Management of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Narendra Kumar Gautam — 2023-09-13

Amavata is one of the challenging diseases for the physicians due to its chronicity, incurability, complications and morbidity. It is decided to evaluate certain Ayurvedic management for a series of patients of rheumatoid arthritis which could be safe, effective, cheap, and easily available. Methodology: Total 56 patients of RA (Amavata) fulfilling the inclusion criteria and having symptoms of RA were enrolled for clinical trial from OPD & IPD of department of Kayachikitsa, SS Hospital, IMS, BHU, Varanasi. Patients were treated in four different groups- Group A- 18 clinically diagnosed and registered patients of Amavata were treated by- Rasnasaptak Kwath- 40ml BD with lukewarm water. Group B: 16 clinically diagnosed and registered patients of Amavata were treated by Vaitarana Vasti for 2 times at interval of 15 days in the format of Yoga Vasti with Anuvasana of Saindhavadi Talia. Group C: 5 clinically diagnosed and registered patients of Amavata were treated by- Rasnasaptak Kwath and Vaitarana Vasti. Group D: 17 clinically diagnosed and registered patients of Amavata were treated by- Leflunomide 10mg OD Results: After the trial, treatment given for the clinical study, we got Vata-Kapha trait appears to be more vulnerable for Amavata disease. Overall effect of trial suggests that group C provided better improvement in comparison to group A, B and D in maximum objective and subjective criteria. Discussion: The study concludes that, planned trial drugs and procedure are effective in terms of reduction of symptomatology of Amavata (RA) as compared to standard treatment group.

Agnikarma - Understanding the process from Past to the Present

Aditya Sharma — 2023-09-13

Throughout human history, medical practices have evolved and adapted to the prevailing knowledge, culture, and technology of their time. One such ancient medical technique that holds a significant place in history is "Agnikarma," a fire-based therapeutic intervention. Originating in civilizations such as India, China, Greece, and Egypt, Agnikarma's evolution and significance are explored within their cultural and medical contexts. Its origins are traced to ancient medical texts, including the "Sushruta Samhita" and the "Huangdi Neijing," which document its application in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), respectively. Agnikarma's role in treating a wide array of conditions, from pain relief to chronic ailments, is examined, reflecting its diverse applications across cultures. Agnikarma involves the application of heat to specific points on the body using a variety of instruments, such as metal rods, needles, and cow dung cakes. By stimulating blood circulation and promoting the body's natural healing process, Agnikarma has been used to address conditions ranging from musculoskeletal pain to skin disorders. An attempt is made using this article to review how the process started from being worshipped like God to a therapeutic procedure, the step-by-step development. This review article explores the historical origins and contemporary use of Agnikarma therapy. The article also discusses the future directions for the research and development of this ancient healing technique. In essence, this historical review illuminates Agnikarma's cultural significance, medical impact, and role in shaping the trajectory of medical practices through time.

An Approach to Periarthritis of Shoulder Joint an Ayurvedic Perspective

Anu P Sunder — 2023-09-13

Periarthritis of the shoulder is a painful, progressive, and disabling disease involving the shoulder joint. The structures involved in the disease are joint capsule, tendons, ligaments, and bursae. As the shoulder movements are painful, the disease makes homemakers, software professionals, skilled workers, manual labourers, and athletes’ lives miserable. The patients were unable to do routine activities like combing hair, dressing, undressing, and doing overhead activities. The initial stages of the disease can be correlated with features of Amsa sandhi sopha having Raktha pitha predominance. The procedures like Lepanam, Upanaham, and internal medications adopted in this stage do not give permanent and complete relief from symptoms. Jaloukavacharana (leech therapy) is selected in the present study by considering the Dosha vitiation - in the initial stages of the disease, as it has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Three Jaloukas (leeches) are applied at a time with intervals of three weeks over the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint). Assessments were done before treatment, 8^th, 15^th and 22^nd days. The results showed Jaloukavacharana was effective in the first stage of the disease.

Role of Ayurveda, Lifestyle Modification, and Panchakarma Therapy on Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Known Coronary Artery Disease Patient

Deepali Amin — 2023-09-13

Atherosclerois is a major health concern in India and imposes a significant burden on the population. The prevalence of risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, smoking and high cholesterol levels contribute to the rising incidence of atherosclerosis in the country. A 57-year-old male presented with primary complaints of chest pain and heaviness, left arm pain, upper back pain, jaw pain, dyspnea on exertion grade I, flatulence, gaseous distension, cervical pain, scapular region pain, shoulder pain, constipation, and insomnia. He also complained of postprandial angina New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III. The patient was a photographer by profession and had a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. On 29^th February 2020, he underwent computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography at another clinic which revealed stenosis of the 3 main coronary arteries – more than 90% stenosis in mid left anterior descending artery (LAD), 80–90% stenosis in proximal left circumflex artery (LCx), and 80–90% stenosis in proximal right coronary artery (RCA). The patient was advised an Ayurveda-based low-carbohydrate high antioxidant diet of 1,000 calories daily for the first 12 weeks. This case report supports the relationship between an Ayurveda-based low-carbohydrate high antioxidant diet and atheroma regression in a high-risk coronary artery disease patient.

Childhood Obesity and its Ayurvedic Understanding - Critical Analysis

Kuldeep Singh Katare — 2023-09-13

Ayurveda, the science of life, recognized lifestyle (Vihara) and diet (Ahara) as potential causes of disease. Childhood obesity in India is caused by factors such as altered lifestyle, food patterns, diet quality and quantity, increased physical inactivity, preserved junk foods, increased sedentary lifestyle, and more. The eight avoidable patients list (Ashtaunindit purushas) described by ancient Ayurvedic scholars includes the disease Sthaulya (obesity) along with the multi-channel approach of management, with the details of factors causing Sthaulya, pathophysiology (Samprapti), and treatment with exercise (Vyayam/Vihar), dietary (Ahar) interventions, remedies, and the body - purification/detoxification (Panchakarma) procedures. The importance of limiting/avoiding disease-causing factors, followed by medicinal management based on Dosha-Dhatu-Mala conditions, is described by ancient Ayurvedic scholars. This article examines the factors that contribute to childhood obesity using Ayurvedic principles.

Sunthi Bilwa Kwath with Yava Saktu in Garbhini Chardi (Emesis Gravidarum) - A Systematic Literature Review

Anita Basumatary — 2023-09-13

There are various minor ailments occur during pregnancy, where nausea and vomiting are usually common in early pregnancy. Vomiting in early weeks of pregnancy, mentioned as Garbhini Chardi (Emesis Graviderum) in Vyakt Garbha Lakshana in classics. If this vomiting is not corrected at right time, it may cause many complications later. Due to sedentary lifestyle, changed food habits, stress etc. has made pregnancies more difficult in today’s era. Modern obstetrics practice manages emesis gravidarum using drugs like anti-emetics, antacids, giving nutritional support with vitamin B1, B6, B12. Moreover, drugs like anti-emetics etc. subsides the symptoms but they are having some minimal side effects too such as constipation, dysuria, urinary retention etc. So, Ayurveda approach is found to be very useful in such condition, many formulations are mentioned in our classics which can be incorporated in daily life by pregnant woman. Acharya Yogaratnakar in Streeroga Chikitsa have mentioned many herbal formulations for garbhini Chardi. Here, Sunthi Bilwa Kwath with Yava Saktu formulation may subsides the vomiting during pregnancy due to Kasaya Ras and Ruksha Guna of Bilwa and Yava Saktu, Deepan, Pachan karma of Sunthi and Bilwa, Chardighna Properties of Yava. So here a systematic literature review of Sunthi Bilwa Kwath with Yava Saktu in the management of Garbhini Chardi will be discussed.

Management of Vipadika (Palmo-Plantar Psoriasis) by Ayurveda

Jadhav Tejaswini Shirish — 2023-09-13

An immune-mediated condition known as psoriasis causes persistent skin inflammation. Palmoplantar psoriasis, a kind of psoriasis that is difficult to cure, affects about 5% of all psoriasis patients. In Ayurveda, all skin conditions are referred generally under the term ‘Kushtha’. One such illness that has been classified as Kshudra Kushta is called Vipadika and is marked by symptoms like Pani-pada Sphutan (Fissure in the palms and soles) and Teevra vedana (with great pain). The main causes of its expression include vitiation of Vata, Kapha, and Pitta/Rakta. In present case report, a 54 years female patient presented in OPD 2 of Sane Guruji Rugnalaya, Hadapsar, Pune, with complaints of dryness and cracking of both soles associated with itching and pain for 1 year and was treated with oral medicines and external application of Gandharva Haritaki and Gorakhmundi Ghrita Siktha respectively. After complete treatment of 30 days, there was complete remission in the symptoms and there is no recurrence till date. From the current case report, it can be inferred that Vipadika (palmo-plantar psoriasis) can be successfully treated with the appropriate Ayurveda medications

Detail Study of Sandhi Sharir with special reference to Jaanu Sandhi

Rupesh Kumar Singh — 2023-09-13

According to modern text joint is a place where two or more bones are articulates with each other. Aacharya Sushruta has quoted that although there are numerous Sandhi in our body which cannot be counted so only Asthi Sandhi should be considered while enumerating Sandhi. Total two hundred and ten Sandhi are present in human body. Every bone is unite by joints and covered by muscles and gets blood supply by different Sira and Dhamani. These bones unite to form Asthi Sandhi. In Ayurveda the main Sthana of Kapha Dosha is all joints in human body. Janu Sandhi (knee) is the largest and most complex synovial joint of the body and is of great importance because it plays great role in movements like walking and stability, including maintenance of the erect posture and the transmission of the body weight. Sandhi can be taken as union of two or more bone in Ayurvedic Samhitas the description of anatomy of Sandhi in detail is not found. It is observed that the incidence of joints disorders is increasing day by day. It is burning problem for families and society. A thorough knowledge of the structures and functions of the joint is required to diagnose and treat the disease of joints.

An Ayurvedic Approach to Stree Vandhyatva (Anovulation) Utilizing Uttar Basti

Neetu Singh — 2023-09-13

Infertility has emerged as a significant disorder, primarily influenced by the stresses of the modern world, insufficient consumption of wholesome organic foods, and the evolving lifestyle patterns. Anovulation-related infertility has become a major concern among individuals of reproductive age in the current generation, largely due to unfavourable lifestyle shifts. A notable portion of couples seeking help at fertility clinics grapple with infertility caused by the absence of ovulation. In a remarkable 90% of these cases, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) stands as the predominant culprit. The timeless wisdom of ancient Ayurvedic scholar Sushruta continues to hold relevance today. His delineation of the four crucial factors for conception remains as imperative as it was in the past. Among these factors, the health of the ovum stands out, and disruptions in Vata Dosha often manifest as issues in ovulatory function. This narrative presents a case study involving an infertile couple who had been unable to conceive for three years. The wife's diagnosis indicated Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD). Despite undergoing conventional treatments, including hormonal therapy, their attempts were unsuccessful. The treatment strategy employed an approach called Uttar Basti alongside Prajasthapak Ghrita and Garbhaprada Yoga (a formulation supporting conception) administered orally. Notably, the outcome of this Ayurvedic intervention was the successful conception of the patient within just three months of treatment.

A Review on Relevance of Pramana Pariksha (Physical Anthropometry)

Seetharama Mithanthaya — 2023-09-13

The estimation of Bala on the basis of Pramana (Physical anthropometry) is one of the glorious concepts of Ayurveda. The Pareeksha of Atura Deha before performing his Chikitsa plays a significant role in the proper assessment of Rogi with respect to his Bala and Ayu. Pramana (physical anthropometry) is mainly assessed by Swa-Angula, which is taken as the unit of measurement of the body parts and structures with respect to length, breadth, height, and circumference. Anthropometry explains about average height, and breadth of a person and his body parts with the help of different measuring units like cm, inch, etc, but applying average will not serve the purpose in every situation as anthropometric measurements are supposed to get influenced by different circumstances like gender, race, place and time, etc. The “Swa-Angula Pramana (physical anthropometry)” is an ideal parameter irrespective of gender, race, and place. The growth of the body varies at different ages and gets ceased after a particular stage. Anguli Pramana (physical anthropometry) is a unit of measure followed in the olden days to denote the dimensions of any object which includes Ayama (length), Vistara (width), Parinaha (circumference), Utsedha (height), etc. An individual with Anga-pratyangas having proper measurements is endured with longevity, wealth, prosperity, happiness, Ojas, strength, etc.

Classical and Modern Review on Sneha Kalpana w.s.r to Ghrita Kalpana

Shivani Koul — 2023-09-13

Ayurvedic dosage forms hold a unique place in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. Sneha Kalpana is a group of products of medicated Taila and ghee. It is an Ayurvedic preparation of oleaginous medicine that is prepared with the use of Kalka (herbal paste of different parts of plants), Kwatha (specifically prepared decoction in accordance with Ayurvedic principles) or Drava Dravya (any other liquid such as milk, juices etc.) With suitable Sneha as base taken in specific proportion, both the ingredients are mixed and heated under a specific temperature to meet the desired therapeutic requirement. In the modern terminology, Sneha can be correlated with Lipids. Materials and Methods: Literature related to Sneha Kalpana and Lipids have been referred from various Ayurvedic texts, modern medical books, research papers and journals. Properties of Sneha Dravya, Sneha sources, phases of Sneha Kalpana, effect of Sneha Paka on therapeutics, Sneha dose, Anupana, shelf-life, lipids and their types have been explained and compiled from different sources. Conclusion: Sneha Kalpana is used to extract fat soluble active principles from drugs and also to increase permeability of drugs so that they can be absorbed easily through the cell membrane. It is the only dosage form that can be administered through all routes of body, viz., Nasya (nasal route), Tarpan (ocular route), Karnapooran (auditory route), Snehapan (oral route), Abhyanga (topical route), Basti (vaginal, urethral, anal route). In the Modern era, various dosage forms can be developed as novel drug delivery system (NDDS) utilizing the concept of Sneha Kalpana (Lipids) to increase the bio availability of drugs to show maximum therapeutic effect.