International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research

A Comparative Standard Manufacturing procedure of Swarjika Kshara prepared from Ushtrapriya (Fagonia cretica Linn.) and Rudanti (Cressa cretica Linn.)

Janaki Patel — 2025-03-07

Swarjika Kshara is a significant alkaline formulation in Ayurveda, traditionally prepared using plants like Ushtrapriya (Fagonia cretica Linn.) and Rudanti (Cressa cretica Linn.). Classical references such as Rasatarangini and Ayurvediya Rasashastra describe the preparation of Kshara, while modern practices often substitute it with chemically synthesized sodium bicarbonate. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India (API) lacks specific standards for plant-origin Swarjika Kshara, necessitating a study to develop and standardize its manufacturing process. Aim: To develop a Standard Manufacturing Procedure (SMP) for Swarjika Kshara prepared from Ushtrapriya and Rudanti. Material and Methods: Three batches of Swarjika Kshara were prepared from Ushtrapriya and Rudanti following classical references. Pharmaceutical observations were recorded, and standardized batches were produced to validate uniformity. Yield percentages, ash content, and procedural differences were analyzed. Results: The study found significant differences in yield, with Rudanti (47.41%) producing more than double the Kshara compared to Ushtrapriya (18.46%). Both samples were successfully standardized, and uniform operative procedures were established. Conclusion: The study validated SMP for Swarjika Kshara from Ushtrapriya and Rudanti, ensuring consistency in production. The findings offer a foundation for large-scale manufacturing and future research, addressing the gap in API standards for plant-origin Swarjika Kshara.

Pharmaceutical Standardization and Preliminary Analysis of Vishatindukadi Vati Prepared by two References

Patel Rimpal — 2025-03-07

Standardization of herbo-mineral drugs is essential to certify their quality, purity and reproducibility. Vishatindukadi Vati is a herbo-mineral formulation mentioned in Rasatantrasaara and Siddhaprayoga Sangraha (RTSSPS) with two references and different ingredients. The formulation mentioned in Gutika Prakarana contains Kupilu (Strychnos nux- vomica Linn), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), Puga Phala (Araca catechu Linn.) and Chincha Beeja (Tamarindus indica Linn). while the formulation mentioned in Vatavyadhi Prakarana contains Kupilu (Strychnos nux-vomica Linn.) and Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.) with Bhavana of Nagavalli (Piper betel Linn.) Patra Svarasa. It is mentioned in context of various diseases i.e., Jirna Vatavyadhi (chronic disorders due to Vata), Jirna Jvara (chronic fever), Ajirna (indigestion), Mandagni (subdued digestive power) and many more. In pharmaceutical process; 3 batches of Kupilu Shodhana and using both references three batches of Vishatindukadi Vati were prepared and its organoleptic and physico-chemical analysis were performed. Organoleptic and physicochemical analysis of raw materials, in-process and finished products were done. In physico-chemical pH, loss on drying at 105°C, total ash (%w/w), acid insoluble ash (%w/w), water-soluble extractive (%w/w), alcohol soluble extractive (%w/w), uniformity of weight (mg), friability (%), hardness (kg/cm²) and disintegration time (min.) were carried out for VTV1 and VTV2. An average value of VTV1 and VTV2 were 5.3, 6.48%, 1.55%, 0.24%, 22.5%, 6.96%, 124.3mg, 0.16%, 4.6kg/cm², 37.6min and 5.05, 7.24%, 2.39%, 0.26%, 23.7%, 6.69%, 124mg, 0.14%, 3.63kg/cm² and 32 min. respectively. It needs further preclinical and clinical studies to prove its safety profile and therapeutic efficacy.

A Comparative Clinical Study of Trikatu Churna and Pippali Churna in Artavakshaya w.s.r. to PCOS

K. Rohitha — 2025-03-07

Artavakshaya, a condition described in Ayurveda, is characterised by scanty and irregular menstruation, which closely correlates with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, leading to menstrual irregularities, anovulation, and metabolic disturbances. Trikatu Churna, a combination of Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.), and Shunti (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.), is known for its Deepana, Pachana and Kaphavatahara properties, which may help in correcting metabolic imbalances associated with PCOS. Pippali Churna is recognized for its Rasayana and Lekhana actions, which may aid in improving ovarian function and hormonal balance. This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of Trikatu Churna and Pippali Churna in managing Artavakshaya for PCOS. The effects of both formulations were evaluated based on clinical parameters such as duration of bleeding, irregular menstruation, amount of bleeding and quantity of menstrual blood, pain during the menstruation, hirsutism and BMI. This comparative clinical study was conducted on a total of 40 patients diagnosed with PCOS presenting with Artavakshaya symptoms and were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received Trikatu Churna, and Group B received Pippali Churna for 90 days. The primary outcome measures included improvements in duration of bleeding, irregular menstruation, amount of bleeding and quantity of menstrual blood, and pain during the menstrual period. The secondary outcomes included improvements in hirsutism and BMI. Both treatments showed significant improvements in the management of PCOS symptoms. However, Trikatu Churna was found to be slightly more effective in regulating menstrual cycles. This study suggests that Trikatu Churna and Pippali Churna can be beneficial in the management of Artavakshaya associated with PCOS, with Trikatu Churna showing marginally superior efficacy.

Effect of Chavyadi Masthu and Selected Yoga Techniques in Obesity

Dhiya George — 2025-03-07

Obesity is a complex multi-factorial disease and a major risk factor for many non-communicable diseases which invites several pathological complications. Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. The prevalence of obesity is now rapidly increasing worldwide due to increased sedentary lifestyles, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diets. Eating more calories than one burn in daily activity on a long-term basis causes the extra calories to add up and cause obesity. By proper Ayurvedic management which includes lifestyle modification in the form of a healthy diet and regular exercises like Yoga, the burden of obesity can be reduced. In this study, an Ayurvedic dietary formulation, Chavyadi Masthu and practice of selected Yogasanas were taken as interventions. 31 obese participants between the age group of 25 and 50 were selected and administered Chavyadi Masthu preparation with regular practice of selected Yoga techniques for 3 months. BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio and skin-fold thickness were assessed on 0^th, 31^st, 61^st, 91^st days along with lipid profile and FBS on 0^th and 91^st day. Analysis of data revealed that the interventions were effective in reducing body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, skin-fold thickness, total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDL and VLDL and FBS levels and improvement in HDL with a significant level p<0.05.

Effect of Yava Syamaka Peya and Suryanamaskara in Overweight Adults

V Greeshma — 2025-03-07

Overweight refers to abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Overweight is currently widespread in both developed and developing countries, affecting both children and adults. A higher prevalence is observed among individuals of high socioeconomic status, particularly in urban areas. Modern lifestyles and poor dietary habits are the primary factors contributing to the development of overweight. If not managed promptly, overweight can progress to obesity, leading to a host of pathological complications. The management of overweight should focus on promoting appropriate dietary choices and boosting energy expenditure through physical activity. Yava Syamaka Peya mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu was adopted as a dietary intervention. Along with this diet, Suryanamaskara was made into the daily routine of participants for a period of 3 months. The intervention, consisting of 300ml of Yava Syamaka peya along with the daily practice of 12 rounds of Suryanamaskara, was conducted in 31 subjects. The results were analysed using the paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA test. The study found a considerable reduction in body weight, with an average loss of 6.65 kg over 3 months. Participants experienced an average decrease of 2.645 kg/m² in BMI and a reduction of 0.035 in the waist-hip ratio. Additionally, FBS decreased by 14.71 mg/dl, and total cholesterol levels dropped by an average of 23.42 mg/dl. These results were statistically significant. From this, it is concluded that the intake of Yava Syamaka peya along with the practice of Suryanamaskara for 3 months is effective in reducing overweight.

The Therapeutic Potential of Lashuna (Allium sativum) in Gynecological Disorders: An Integrative Review

Divya Rani.S.R — 2025-03-07

Lashuna (Allium sativum), commonly known as garlic, holds a significant place in Ayurvedic medicine for its diverse therapeutic properties. This review aims to integrate classical Ayurvedic references with contemporary scientific research to evaluate the efficacy of Lashuna in managing gynecological disorders, including premenstrual syndrome (PMS), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), vaginal infections, and menopausal symptoms. Ayurvedic texts such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita describe Lashuna as a potent Rasayana with Vata-Kapha pacifying, digestive stimulant, and antimicrobial properties, making it beneficial for reproductive health. Modern studies corroborate these claims, demonstrating garlic's antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hormonal regulatory effects. Clinical trials have reported significant reductions in PMS symptoms and improvements in insulin resistance among PCOS patients following garlic supplementation. Additionally, garlic exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogens responsible for vaginal infections and may offer cardiovascular and antioxidant benefits pertinent to menopausal women. While these findings are promising, further rigorous clinical trials are necessary to establish standardized guidelines for Lashuna's therapeutic application in gynecological health.

Management of Sandhivata (Osteoarthritis) by an Ayurvedic Compound Drug

Srivastava Vijay Kumar — 2025-03-07

Sandhivata (osteoarthritis) is a disease of old age people and usually hampering the working hours and quality of life in number of peoples worldwide. We have found this Ayurvedic treatment very effective in the management of this disease. Hence a time bound clinical research work was framed for objective assessment of the improvement. The study was performed on osteoarthritis of knee joint over fifty patients. The diagnostic and assessment criteria were mainly clinical, along with visual analogue scale for pain and Algo Functional Lequesne Index (Knee) to assess the severity of knee osteoarthritis. The symptoms included were pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness, joint crepitus and decreased movement. The drugs Sanjeevani vati, Dashamula kwatha, Punarnava mandura and Yava kshara were given for thirty days, with one follow up at fifteen days. There was a drop out of four patients during the trial. The pain (2.18±0.72), stiffness (1.93±0.72) and restriction of movements (2.28±0.81) are the three major complaints followed by crepitus (1.82±0.72), tenderness (1.43±1.10) and swelling (1.29±1.01). The initial score of severity of the disease was 9.75+4.16; which was reduced to 6.20+4.33 after 15 days and it was 3.49+1.16 at the end of the trial, this also gives a highly significant ‘t’ and ‘p’ score i.e. 15.11 and p< 0.001 respectively. So, the effect of combined therapy was evaluated moderate to high in reducing severity of disease. Some patient even told that they have felt relief in symptoms just on the 2^nd day after starting the treatment.

Ayurvedic Management of Non-Productive Cough in SSC- Interstitial Lung Disease

Swathy Krishna — 2025-03-07

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a diverse group of disorders that affect the lung parenchyma or interstitium, leading to inflammation and progressive scarring of lung tissue. This process results in thickening and stiffening of the lung tissue, impairing the lungs' ability to expand and fill with air. As occupational disorders rise in society, particularly conditions like ILD, there is an increasing need for preventive healthcare approaches. While current invasive diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions offer certain benefits, they often come with drawbacks such as side effects and high costs. Ayurvedic medicine, with its holistic focus on prevention and individualized treatment, offers a promising alternative. By addressing underlying imbalances and promoting overall wellness, Ayurvedic remedies could provide a feasible and effective solution for managing symptoms of ILD and preventing its progression, aligning with modern healthcare's push towards more natural and sustainable care practices.

Utility of Agnikarma in Day to-Day Practice

Padma — 2025-03-07

Agnikarma is an important para surgical procedure used in Ayurveda widely accepted for pain management since ages. The therapy includes the controlled transfer of varied degree of heat to the affected part with wide therapeutic intentions. Acharya Sushruta, the pioneer of Agnikarma stresses on multifaceted utility of Agnikarma and mentioned that it could be a potential alternative when management using medicine surgery or Kshara fails. He claims non-recurrence of benign pathologies when treated by Agnikarma. Though one can be fascinated by these claims, deeper understanding of the procedure is much essential to achieve the success. As therapy requires fire which could be hazardous and end up in burns. Thus, it is very essential to analyze Agnikarma vidhi in depth and understand logic behind selection of ideal patient, choosing the right device and conducting the procedure without any un toward event with proper precautions. Also knowing the idea behind contraindications allows us to prevent complications in current era. So here is an attempt to understand the rationality behind the various steps included in Agnikarma.

Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Bhringaraja (Eclipta alba Hassk): An Ayurvedic Drug

T. Srinivas — 2025-03-07

This study explores the pharmacognostical properties of Bhringaraja (Eclipta alba Hassk) churna, an herb highly valued in Ayurvedic medicine for its therapeutic benefits. The primary aim is to authenticate the identity of Bhringaraja churna and assess its quality parameters through comprehensive macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical, phytochemical evaluations. Macroscopic Analysis: The macroscopic examination confirmed the characteristic features of Bhringaraja, such as its yellowish-brown color, fine texture, and characteristic earthy aroma and bitter taste. Microscopic Analysis: Leaf microscopy showed upper and lower epidermis, cuticle, hypodermis, collenchyma, simple trichome, vascular bundle phloem, proto and meta xylem. Affirming the herb's identity and physicochemical parameters: Various physicochemical parameters were measured, including moisture content, ash values, extract values, and pH. These parameters ensure the stability, and quality of the Churna. This study underscores the importance of pharmacognostical and phytochemical research in enhancing the understanding and application of traditional herbal medicines in contemporary healthcare.

A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Combined Effect of Ekavimshatika Guggulu and Bala Taila Matra Vasti in Sciatica

Aishwarya P — 2025-03-07

Ekavimshatika Guggulu is mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Madhyamakhanda Kushta Adhyaya and Bala Taila mentioned in Bhela Samhita Vata Vyadhi Adhyaya. Most of the drugs in Ekavimshatika Guggulu are of Vata-kapha Shamana and also mitigate Gridhrasi as per the Phalasruthy. Bala Taila is having Vatahara property and is Balya in nature. Matra Vasti possess the qualities of Vata Anulomana and Snehana properties. The study was an interventional study with pre and post-test, without control group. Subjects of either gender with age group 20-60 years registered in Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College & Post Graduate Centre, satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to positive sampling and total of 27 subjects were selected and 27 subjects completed the clinical trial. The selected subjects were administered Ekavimshatika Guggulu in a dosage of 2 tablets orally thrice daily before food along with 75ml Bala Taila as Matra Vasti for 14 days. Assessment of the subjects was done on 0^th day, 15^th day and follow up done on 30^th day with subjective and objective parameters. RESULTS: On analysing the results, it has been found that subjective parameters like tenderness, radiating pain, ODI scale, Sciatica Bothersomeness Index Scale, Sciatica Frequency Index Scale and objective parameters like SLR, Lessigues sign, also other parameters like Gridhrasi lakshanas got statistically significant improvement. Friedman test was used to assess the overall significance between three points. P-value <0.05 was found to be significant. Wilcoxon Sign Rank test was used to find out overall difference between before treatment and after follow up in subjective parameters. Significance in range of movements was assessed by repeated measures of Anova. CONCLUSION: Based on the observations and results of the clinical study, the alternate hypothesis, Ekavimshatika Guggulu and Bala Taila Matra Vasti is effective in the management of sciatica is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected.

Pharmaceutical Standardization and Analytical Assessment of Shunthyadi Tailam: A Comprehensive Study

Nandurkar Vishal Marotrao — 2025-03-07

Shunthyadi tailam, a classical Ayurvedic formulation as Nasya therapy mentioned in Ashtang hrudaya for therapeutic use in Bhrushakshava. Bhrushakshava can be compared to the acute phase of allergic rhinitis. This study focuses on its pharmaceutical preparation and analytical standardization, adhering to the guidelines of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The formulation was subjected to organoleptic and physico-chemical evaluations to establish benchmark standards. Key parameters such as acid value, saponification value, iodine value, specific gravity and refractive index were analyzed. These findings provide a scientific foundation for future research and ensure the quality and consistency of Shunthyadi tailam in therapeutic applications.

A Single Arm Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Katankateriyadi Kwatha in the Management of Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus Type-2)

Ram Muddalkar — 2025-03-07

Madhumeha is known to Indian system of medicine since time immemorial. Almost all texts available, however old contain one or another very lucid hint of Prameha. This along with all of its causes, etiopathognesis, symptomatology, treatment and complications are mentioned in all Ayurvedic texts written centuries ago. It’s inclusion in eight major diseases (Astamahagada) indicates the significance and gravity attributed to it. Here 40 cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in a patient who underwent 3 follow up i.e., 30^th, 60^th, 90^thof Katankateriyadi kwatha delivered in 3 months is reported. The patient’s fasting blood glucose and post plasma blood glucose levels, as well as HbA1C level were decreased after treatment. Further-more, no adverse effects were observed. The results of this clinical study are encouraging and provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of Katankateriyadi Kwatha in reducing Madhumha (Diabetes Mellitus Type-2) in a patient.

Management of Pyogenic Granuloma on Eyelid through Chemical Cauterization (Kshara Karma)

Jyothi — 2025-03-07

Pyogenic granuloma is an acquired benign vascular proliferation. Clinical features are rapid painless, red polypoid papule or nodule growth on skin or mucus. Both surgical and non-surgical treatments are advised for pyogenic granuloma. Arsha vartma is one among Netraroga explained in Vartmagataroga’s according to Acharya Sushruta Arsha vartma tridoshaja chedana Sadhya vyadhi, is characterized by the eruption of a small, rough, lesion in lid margin which resembles Ervaru beeja (size of the lesion is similar to Cucumber Melos seed) and mild pain. Acharya Vagbhata included few other clinical features like burning sensation, bleeding and cure even after removal. Objective: to see the effect of Tilanala kshara in pyogenic granuloma. Methods: A 32 years old male patient visited our OPD of Shalakya Tantra, SJGAMC, Koppal, with complaints of painless slow growing mass on right upper eyelid near lid margin, occasionally bleeding with trauma since 20 days. Patient was diagnosed as Pyogenic granuloma (Arsha vartma). Patient was treated with 1 sitting of Tilanala Kshara Pratisarana and Jathyadhi ghrita ointment for 7 days. Result: complete resolution of pyogenic granuloma was seen in 7 days Conclusion: Chedana, Bhedana, Lekhana Dahana karma of kshara have effect on pyogenic granuloma and prevent the recurrence.

An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Anti-Microbial Effect of Fumigation with Sarshapanimbadi Dhoopa

Greeshma M — 2025-03-07

Nowadays rising airborne diseases are one of the major health concerns of the entire world. Prevalence of various respiratory diseases are increasing in persons exposing to contaminated environment. Therefore, disinfection of our environment is most important. In Ayurveda, Dhoopana is a method of disinfection. Sarshapanimbadidhoopa mentioned in Sushruta Samhita with ingredients Sarshapa, Nimba, Saindhava and Ghrita was selected for the study to evaluate its antimicrobial activity. Primarily Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were identified from different treatment procedure rooms of hospital by placing petri dishes open for one hour with suitable medium. Fumigation of identified microbes were done within a glass chamber with and without adding Dhoopanadravya to red hot charcoal. In addition to that one set of microbial plate of bacteria and fungus were kept as such without fumigation for the assessment of efficacy of fumigation. Fumigation was done with varying doses (15g, 20g, 25g and 30g) and time span (5minutes, 10minutes, 15minutes and 20minutes). Results obtained were statistically analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA test and paired t-test. Reduction in Colony Forming Unit (CFU) of bacteria and fungi were found to be significant and fumigation with adding Dhoopachoorna was found to be more significant than without adding Dhoopachoorna to charcoal. Complete cessation of bacterial CFU was found on fumigation with 30g Choorna for 20minutes and fungal CFU was found on fumigation of 25g Choorna for 15minutes. The study concluded that Sarshapanimbadi Dhoopa has antimicrobial effect.

Efficacy of Guduchyadi Yoga in the Management of Medoroga with special reference to Dyslipidemia- A Rondomized Clinical Trial

Amrutha Y — 2025-03-07

Medoroga, a condition which arises due to Medo dhatu vriddhi which may lead to Bahutwa and Abaddhatwa of Poshaka medo dhatu. It can be correlated to disease dyslipidemia based on pathophysiology. It is the need of the hour to contribute safer, effective and economical medicines to manage the condition. Main aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Guduchyadi yoga and Navaka Guggulu in the management of Medoroga with special reference to dyslipidemia. Methods: The present study implemented an open-labelled, active controlled pre and post-test clinical study with 30 subjects (who fulfilled the diagnostic and inclusion criteria). A convenience sampling method was used for the selection. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, Group A (trial) and Group B (control) comprising of 15 subjects each. Subjects of Group A received Guduchyadi Yoga (50ml Kashaya with 1.5g of Guggulu) and Group B received Navaka Guggulu (2 tablets with warm water). Both interventions were given twice daily before food for duration of 30 days. A twelve-hour fasting sample of serum lipid profile and BMI were used to measure the efficacy before and after the treatment. Statistical analysis of parameters was assessed using Wilcoxon signed rank test (W), Friedman’s test, Mann Whitney U test (U), by paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA test, unpaired t-test. Results: The trial drug showed statistically significant result in improving serum lipid profile and reducing BMI (P<0.05). Conclusion: The polyherbal formulation (Guduchyadi yoga) is effective in the management of Medoroga (dyslipidemia).

A Clinical Study of Cumulative Effect of Shwadanstradi Tail Manyabasti and Nasya in the Management of Manyastambha with special reference to Cervical Spondylitis

Pooja Chheniya — 2025-03-07

Manyastambha is a clinical condition of the neck region and is one of the prone disorders caused by vitiated Vata in working mid-aged population. Acharya Charak describes Manyastambha in eighty Nanatamaj vatavyadhis. However, As per modern science, Manyastambha can be correlated to cervical spondylosis. It is a common health problem encountered in practice whose prevalence increases with age, and is estimated to be around 95% by age 65. In this single arm pre-post experimental clinical study, without regard to sex, religion, or other factors, a total of 30 individuals with the defining signs and symptoms of Manyastambha were chosen for this research trial (cervical spondylitis). In the current study, Shwadanstradi Tail Manya Basti and Nasya as described by Acharya Charak in Chikitsa sthana were administered for 14 days, with a regular follow up of 8^th, 14^th and 21^st days respectively without any internal medications and alteration in diet and lifestyle. Results showed that pain was reduced by 79.33% (VAS Scale), Stambha/stiffness 57.47%, and total neck mobility by 56.44% which were statistically significant. Statistically very significant results were also found in neck flexion (64.13%), neck extension (52.38%) and passive neck flexion (52.27%). Thus, conservative cumulative management of Manyabasti and Nasya of Shwadanshtradi Tail for a specific period when administered with proper duration dose and time relieves the clinical signs and symptoms of Manyastambha (cervical spondylitis) along with no side effects. Shwadanstradi Tail in the Matra of 100ml for Basti and 1 Bindu (8 drops) for Nasya found to reduce pain, neck stiffness, tenderness, radiation of pain and numbness.

An Open Labelled Randomized Controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Vardhamana Balamoola Rasayana in Gridhrasi w.s.r to Sciatica Syndrome

Anchumol Joseph — 2025-03-07

Gridhrasi, a Nanathmaja vata vyadi, manifests in two distinct forms: Vataja and Vata-Kaphaja. Despite the availability of conventional treatments, patients often experience only temporary relief. Rasayana Chikitsa, a traditional approach, offers a promising long-term solution. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Rasayana Chikitsa in managing symptoms of Gridhrasi and improving patient outcomes. Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Vardhamana Balamoola Rasayana in Gridhrasi. Methodology: A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted on 30 patients, aged 18-70 years, who attended the outpatient department (OPD) of the institute with low back pain radiating to lower limbs. These patients met the diagnostic criteria and participated in the study. The participants were divided into two groups: Group A, which received Vardhamana Lashuna Rasayana for 16 days, and Group B, which received Vardhamana Balamoola Rasayana for 30 days. The treatment protocol involved mild purgation followed by incrementally increasing doses. Efficacy was assessed using both subjective criteria (pain, stiffness, functional ability) and objective criteria (Straight Leg Raise (SLR) test) at baseline, during treatment, and post-treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests, Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests, unpaired t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests to evaluate the treatment outcomes. Results: Vardhamana Balamoola Rasayana showed superior efficacy, with 20% achieving maximum relief. It also had higher mild relief rates (46.66% vs. 26.66%) and lesser minimum relief rates (0% vs. 40%). Conclusion: Vardhamana Balamoola Rasayana demonstrated superior efficacy in pain management, functional ability, and neurological deficit reduction, making it a more effective therapeutic option for Gridhrasi symptom relief.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Duralabhadi Kashaya in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections

Archana Sam — 2025-03-07

Urinary tract infections are common bacterial infection affecting the urinary tract, with a higher prevalence in females. Urinary tract infections are defined as presence and multiplication of the bacteria. Around 50% of women will be treated for atleast one urinary tract infections during their lifetime. In Ayurveda, urinary tract infections can be correlated to Pittaja Mutrakrichra in which Vata and Pitta Dosha are vitiated. So drugs with Pittavatahara, Sothahara, Krimighna, Mutrala, and Vatanulomana are beneficial. So Duralabhadi Kashaya with Sitha as Anupana mentioned in Gada Nigraha, Mutrakrichra Prakaranam having above mentioned property was selected as trial drug. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Duralabhadi Kashaya in the management of urinary tract infection. Subjects of all gender from 20-60, satisfying the inclusion criteria were subjected to positive sampling and total of 26 subjects were selected for the study. The selected subjects were given Duralabhadi Kashaya Choorna packet 48gm per day, advised to take freshly prepared Kashaya 48ml along with Sitha 6gm as Anupana twice daily before food for 15 days and follow up was done after 15 days of treatment. Assessment of the subjects was done on 0^th day, 6^th day, 11^th day, 16^th day and follow up on 31^st day with subjective and objective parameters. Based on the observations and results it has been found that subjective parameters and objective parameters got statistically significant result.

Effect of Mudgadi Kashaya Peya and Selected Yoga Techniques in Prediabetes

Ayana N.V — 2025-03-07

Prediabetes, an intermediate state of hyperglycemia is the precursor stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes and diabetes has been emerged as a major challenging health problem worldwide due to their high mortality and morbidity rates. Sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, mental stress associated with urbanisation contributes the increasing prevalence of Prediabetes and diabetes. Since type 2 diabetes and their complications results in poor quality of life and significant economic burden to family and society due to the increased medical expenditure and loss of productivity, an effective intervention is required. Life style interventions comprising a healthy diet, and physical activity in the prediabetic stage will be a best measure to halt the further progression in to type 2 diabetes. In this study an Ayurvedic diet, Mudgadi Kashaya peya and selected yoga techniques were given for a period of 90 days to evaluate their effect in Prediabetes. Statistical analysis of the data obtained revealed that Mudgadi Kashaya peya and selected yoga techniques has significant effect in reduction of FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and Total Cholesterol values.

Ayurvedic Management of Asthenozoospermia

Asha Sreedhar — 2025-03-07

Infertility is a problem of global population and is defined as the inability to conceive even after one year of unprotected coitus. It affects about 10-15% couples and male factor is directly responsible in about 30-40% cases. Asthenozoospermia is a common cause of male infertility and is characterized by reduced sperm motility. The prevalence is 18.71% for asthenozoospremia and 63.13% for asthenozoospermia associated with Oligo-and/or teratozoospermia. According to WHO criteria 2021, asthenozoospermia is diagnosed when total motility is less than 42% or (Progressive and Non progressive) or progressive motility less than 30%. Ayurveda classics have elaborately explained about the causes of male infertility and more focus is given to the pathological conditions of Sukra along with its management, these are included under the concept of Ashta sukradushti. Grandhisukradushti caused by Kaphavatadoshadushti is one among them in which Sukra will be incapable to combine with the Beeja and it will be slowly progressive in nature thus becomes inefficient in the formation of Garbha, hence treatment aims at pacifying Kaphavatadosha. While analysing the clinical features, the condition Asthenozoospermia can be considered under Grandhisukradushti. A 35year old male patient attended the infertility clinic of Govt. Ayurveda College, Thiruvanathapuram, with complaints of primary infertility due to severe asthenozoospermia associated with seminal hyper viscosity since 6 years. The condition was diagnosed as Grandhi sukra dushti. Management focused on Deepana pachana, Kaphavata hara, Srothoshodhana, Vrishya, and Vatanulomana. Treatments given were Takrapana and Snehapana followed by Virechana. On follow up scan, total sperm motility was found to be improved and the patient’s female partner got conceived in the next cycle.

Exploring the Relationship Between Sharirika Prakriti and Medha: An Ayurvedic Perspective on Intelligence

Ramesh Kumar — 2025-03-07

Ekavimshatika Guggulu is mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Madhyamakhanda Kushta Adhyaya and Bala Taila mentioned in Bhela Samhita Vata Vyadhi Adhyaya. Most of the drugs in Ayurveda, a holistic medical science, emphasizes the importance of Prakriti, a unique concept that determines an individual's physical, mental, and socio-behavioral health. Prakriti is determined at the time of fertilization by the dominance of Dosha in Shukra (sperm) and Shonita (ovum) and remains unchanged throughout life. Medha, or intellect, is another crucial concept in Ayurveda that encompasses both grasping power (Grahanshakti) and understanding (Dharanshakti). This study aimed to explore the relationship between Sharirika Prakriti and Medha by analysing classical Ayurvedic literature, dictionaries, and research publications, as well as comparing the concept of Medha with the modern psychological concept of intelligence quotient (IQ). The analysis reveals that Vata Prakriti individuals have good short-term memory but poor long-term memory, while Pitta Prakriti individuals are intelligent and dominate conversations. Kapha Prakriti individuals exhibit self-control, strong faith in Sastras, and exceptional memory, although they take longer to grasp the subjects. The seat of the Medha is inferred to be the Hridaya (heart), as it is the location of Sadhaka Pitta, which is responsible for the manifestation of Medha. This study highlights the potential of integrating traditional Ayurvedic wisdom with contemporary psychological assessments to develop a more comprehensive understanding of human intelligence and cognitive functioning.

Ayurvedic Management of Motor Neuron Disease

Surabhi G B — 2025-03-07

Motor neuron disease (MND) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of MND. ALS is a severe neurodegenerative disorder with upper and lower motor neuron deficits in the limbs, affecting about 2 per 100,000 person/years. Brachial amyotrophic diplegia (BAD), a rare ALS variant, primarily presents with asymmetric lower motor neuron weakness, mostly affecting the upper extremities. A 75-year-old male patient diagnosed as motor neuron disease was admitted to Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research in Bengaluru, Karnataka, on April 22, 2023 for 12 days, presenting with complaints of weakness and heaviness of both upper limbs associated with muscle wasting predominantly on right shoulder and wrist for 1 year. The clinical and laboratory features suggested a diagnosis of brachial amyotrophy diplegia, a regional variant of ALS. According to Ayurveda, Avarana vatavyadhis are found to have close resemblance to Motor Neuron Diseases and his symptoms can be correlated to Kaphavruta Vyanavata. The patient received Avaranagna and Vata vyadhi chikitsa. Assessment was done before and after treatment by using the ALSFRS-R. A satisfactory improvement was observed in the clinical findings as well as marked reduction was noted in the assessment scale. This case study suggests that brachial amyotrophic diplegia can be effectively managed symptomatically with Ayurvedic therapy.

Management of Vatakantaka w.s.r to Calcaneal Spur by Agnikarma

Pooja Bharti — 2025-03-07

Objectives: In today’s day to day life, prolonged hours of standing, poorly fitted and hard sole footwear, excessive walking, running and being overweight, they all are the risk factors of the calcaneal spur. There is no proper treatment in modern medicine other than surgery but Ayurveda offers a variety of treatment procedures through which patient can get relief. One of the most effective methods is Agnikarma. In Ayurvedic texts, similar signs and symptoms are found in a Vatavyadhi named Vatakantaka. Thus, Vatashamak chikitsa becomes the basis of the treatment. Materials and Methods: An attempt has been made in which 5 patients with calcaneal spur, confirmed by X-Ray having main complain of pain and tenderness in heel region were taken under study and Agnikarma were done for consecutive 3 weeks (once a week). Result: After the therapy, patient feels instant relief in the pain. Conclusion: This proves that the Agnikarma plays a very effective role in the management of calcaneal spur.

Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Punarnavadi Churna- A Polyherbal Formulation

Mahendra Vishwakarma — 2025-03-07

Punarnavadi Churna is a polyherbal Ayurvedic medicine traditionally used in the treatment of abdominal diseases (Udar roga), oedema (Shotha) and ulcer (Vran roga). This study investigates the potential use of Punarnavadi Churna in managing inflammation through its key herbal ingredients, which include Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Daruhaldi (Berberis aristata), Devdaru (Cedrus deodara), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), and Kantakari (Solanum surratense). These herbs are known for their potent anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of active compounds that target inflammatory pathways. The primary anti-inflammatory mechanism of Punarnavadi Churna is its ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce oxidative stress, both of which play a significant role in inflammatory conditions. For example, Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) is known for its diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects, which helps to reduce inflammation and fluid retention. Haridra (Curcuma longa) contains curcumin, a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential that has been studied a lot for its ability to reduce chronic inflammation. Other herbs such as Daruhaldi (Barberis aristata) and Devdaru (Cedrus deodara) also contribute to the ability of pain and inflammation. Research, which includes animal studies and clinical observations, has verified that Punarnavadi Churna is powerful in dealing with inflammatory conditions like arthritis and edema. The synergistic potential of these herbs complements their healing advantages, making Punarnavadi Churna a promising alternative in integrative fitness practices. Its ability to address multiple pathways of inflammation makes it a valuable natural treatment, supporting overall health and wellness through holistic, plant-based remedies.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Avarana in Ayurveda: Theoretical Foundations, Clinical Significance, and Therapeutic Perspectives

Priya. S — 2025-03-07

In Ayurvedic literature, diseases associated with Vatha are considered particularly serious, with Avarana being identified as a crucial pathological process in their progression. In the current social scenario, where sedentary lifestyles prevail, a majority of Vatha disorders can be linked to Avarana, though the underlying mechanisms of this association remain inadequately explored. Avarana refers to the disturbed movement of Vatha, due to the obstruction or by other Doshas, Dhatus (tissues), Malas (waste products), etc. Detailed analyses of the pathogenetics of Avarana suggest that diverse pathological pathways contribute to the development of Avarana across various conditions, with clinical manifestations often dominated by the encroaching factor rather than the entrapped Vatha, albeit with certain exceptions. Diagnosis is achieved through meticulous symptom observation and iterative treatment trials. The general therapeutic approach for Avarana involves pacifying Vatha, cleansing the bodily channels, and addressing the encroaching dosha. If left untreated, Avarana can precipitate the progression to serious disease states. Redefining Samprapti through the perspective of Avarana paves the way for crafting more refined and effective treatment strategies, ultimately nurturing better patient well-being.

Bhavaprakasha Nighantu: A Comprehensive Review

BS Indu — 2025-03-07

The Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is a significant Ayurvedic text that serves as a bridge between classical and evolving medical traditions. Authored by Bhavamishra in the 16^th century, it is a vital part of Bhavaprakasha, one of the Laghutrayi (three minor Ayurvedic classics). The text is distinguished by its structured classification of medicinal substances into 23 Vargas (groups), covering plant-based, mineral, and animal-derived drugs, as well as dietary articles. Bhavamishra's approach integrates traditional formulations with newly introduced drugs, influenced by Unani medicine and global trade, marking an important advancement in Ayurvedic Dravyaguna (pharmacology). A notable feature of Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is its detailed plant descriptions, including regional names, properties, actions, and therapeutic uses. Bhavamishra’s work also introduces concepts like Pratinidhi Dravya (substitute drugs) and emphasizes drug testing methodologies, ensuring standardization in Ayurvedic practice. His contributions significantly expanded the Ayurvedic Materia Medica, making his work a foundation for future research. The commentary by Dr. K.C. Chunekar further enhances the text’s relevance, providing botanical identification, pharmacological insights, and cross-referencing with modern science. Chunekar’s work aids in bridging Ayurveda with contemporary research, making Bhavaprakasha Nighantu a timeless reference for scholars, practitioners, and researchers. This review highlights the historical, pharmacological, and therapeutic significance of the text while underscoring its continued relevance in Ayurvedic medicine and modern botanical studies.

Ayurvedic and Yogic Intervention for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Reversal (NAFLD)

Indrayani Kedar Joshi — 2025-03-07

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disorder characterized by excessive fat accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis, often associated with metabolic conditions like obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Conventional treatments focus on lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions but may not effectively halt disease progression. Ayurveda considers NAFLD as a disorder of Medoroga and Yakrit Vikara, primarily caused by Agni Dushti and imbalanced Kapha-Pitta dosha, leading to impaired lipid metabolism. Ayurvedic management emphasizes Shodhana (detoxification), Deepana-Pachana (digestive stimulants), Yakrit Uttejaka (hepatostimulants), and Rasayana (rejuvenation therapy), along with dietary modifications and lifestyle interventions. Yoga therapy, including Asana, Pranayama, and meditation, supports liver detoxification, enhances digestion, and improves metabolic function. This case study presents the successful management of NAFLD in a middle-aged patient through a combination of Ayurvedic therapies and Yoga. Outcome assessment was based on improvements in liver function tests, lipid profile, glycemic control, symptom relief, and ultrasound findings over an 8-week treatment period. The results suggest that an integrative approach incorporating Ayurveda and Yoga can provide effective, sustainable management of NAFLD, potentially preventing its progression to severe liver conditions.

Role of Rakthadushti in the Pathogenesis of Vicharchika: A Review of Classical and Keraleeya Ayurveda Perspectives

Priya. S — 2025-03-07

Vicharchika, classified as a Kshudra kushta, is a common dermatological disorder with predominant Kapha dosha involvement. However, Raktadushti plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis, as evidenced by various descriptions in Ayurvedic classics. Ayurvedic texts, including Bruhat Trayis and Keraleeya Ayurveda Granthas, highlight the interconnection between Kushta, Vatarakta, and Rakthavatha, emphasizing the role of vitiated Rakta in disease manifestation. Symptoms such as Pidaka, Srava, Kandu, Daha, and Syavata indicate varying degrees of Rakthadushti, correlating with the Uthana avastha of Vatharakta. The presence of Paka of Raktha further supports the similarity between Vicharchika and Rakthavatha. The treatment axis in Ayurveda revolves around Hethu (causative factors), Linga (clinical features), and Oushadha (medications), making the analysis of Rakthadushti essential for precise intervention. Therapeutic approaches such as Rakthamokshana, Sodhana (purification), and Samana (palliative measures) play a key role in disease management. Keraleeya Ayurveda texts, including Chikitsa Manjari and Arogyaraksha kalpadruma, provide additional insights into the pathology and treatment of Vicharchika through the concept of Rakthavatha and Rakthasthambha. A comprehensive understanding of Rakthadushti enables effective treatment planning, ensuring holistic management and better clinical outcomes in Vicharchika.

Literature review of Vasa in various Ayurvedic treatise

Bhatnagar Alpana — 2025-03-07

Adhatoda vasica Nees., also known as Malabar nut or Vasa, has long been utilized in traditional medicine for its potent respiratory therapeutic properties. This plant has been used for 2000 years to treat respiratory problems. The leaves of this plant give a stimulant effect on the respiratory system. In Ayurveda medicinal system it is considered a potent herb to cure diseases like cough, symptoms of cold, asthma, bronchitis. Vasa is said to have Tikta and Katu in Rasa and Sheet in Veerya it has Katu Vipaka and is said to have Kapha-Pittahara property. Vasa was reviewed in various text like Veda, Samhita, Kosha Grantha. Vasa was found to be as the main ingredient of many formulations in the treatment of Raktpitta, Kaphaj Vikar, Vataj Vikar, and other respiratory diseases. Vasa Swarasa was found in various formulations used as Bhawana Dravya, also various Paryaya, Guna, Karma and different opinions of Acharyas in various Samhitas were observed.