Decoding Classical Ayurvedic Formulation: The Role of GC-MS in Unveiling Bioactive Compounds

Abstract

Ayurvedic formulations such as Ghrita, Asava, Arishta, and Churna have been traditionally used for eras for their healing properties. They are complex mixtures of herbs, oils, and other natural materials intended to reestablish equilibrium and vitality rather than merely being treatments. Because of the complexity of their multi-herbal compositions, the pharmacological basis of their bioactivity is still poorly understood despite widespread use. Even while their effectiveness as a treatment is well known, the true question is still: what causes them to function at the molecular level? Modern science can help with this. As a "molecular detective," gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) deconstructs these intricate compositions and exposes the chemistry that is concealed within. By separating and identifying small components, GC-MS reveals an intriguing realm of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, fatty acids, and other bioactive compounds that work together to produce the medicinal effect that is discussed in traditional literature. Every composition has a unique chemical narrative. Taila displays special phytochemicals that explain its restorative and therapeutic properties, whereas Ghrita may have a unique composition of fatty acids and antioxidants. In addition to verifying conventional claims, GC-MS's mapping of these chemical fingerprints connects the precision of contemporary pharmacology with the knowledge of Ayurveda. This study's objective is to examine published GC-MS studies on Ayurvedic dosage forms, specifically focusing on Ghrita and Taila, and to demonstrate how interpreting their bioactive profiles can convert traditional knowledge into evidence-based treatment for the modern world.